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The son of king Belus of Egypt,
according to legend Danaus and his brother Aegyptus had
100 children, Danaus 50 girls (the Danaides, "daughters
of Danaus" ) and Aegyptus 50 boys.
When all the children had grown into adulthood Aegyptus
demanded that all his sons should marry the daughters of
Danaus, refusing such a request, Danaus and his daughters
fled to the Greek city of Argos, in the northeastern
Peloponnese. Aegyptus and his 50 sons pursued them in a
hostile manner, and when they arrived in Argos they were
in a frenzied mood. Danaus, not wanting them to harm the
Argives, consented to the mass wedding, but in reality,
hateful of the whole idea.
On the day of the wedding Danaus spoke to each of his
daughters, and instructed them all to kill whoever they
took for their husband, the plan was to murder them in
the wedding bed. All but one successfully killed the
cousin they married. The exception was Hypermnestra,
which when translated can mean "special intent"
or "excessive wooing". The reason she gave for
sparing Lynceus' life, and also helping him escape, was
that he left her virginity untouched; she loved and
respected him for this. Danaus was angered when he
learned of his daughters disobedience, so much that he
threw her to the mercy of the Argive law courts, but she
was acquitted. Some versions say Aphrodite the love
goddess intervened.
Danaus had an ingenious way of marrying off the rest of
his daughters, by getting the suitors to run the length
of a race-course, his daughters standing at the finishing
line, each were chosen by the order in which the suitors
finished the race.
Lynceus, the husband of Hypermnestra returned to Argos
and killed Danaus, as revenge for the deaths of his
brothers. Later Lynceus and Hypermnestra ruled Argos and
lay the foundation to the dynasty of Argive kings. The
descendants of the Danaides were known as the "Danaans"
(Danai) in Homer's epic poems, the term simply means
"Greeks" or the Greek nation as a whole. The
myth of Danaus is probably a reflection of the contact
between Egypt and Mycenaean. Greeks (circa 1600-1200 BC
and a possible Egyptian origin for the Danaans.
In one version of this legend the 49 daughters, who were
guilty of killing their husbands, and for their outrage
to the marriage bed, were punished in the underworld
after they had died. Their punishment was to continually
fetch water, but the jars were full of holes, so no
sooner had they filled the jar the water would leak out.
(or in some versions the containers were sieves). |
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